It is a daunting task to evaluate where, how and when to invest in adapting natural and built infrastructure in a world where the conditions that our infrastructure is operating within are changing so quickly. What are the right approaches to assessing and responding to risk? Likewise, the cost of recovering from disasters and updating infrastructure systems to be resilient in the face of extreme events and reliably perform under projected demands can be so high that investment that mitigate future disasters is stifled.